Changing Face Of Rural Consumer In Emerging Markets Economics Essay

Changing Face Of Rural Consumer In Emerging Markets Economics Essay India is developing at a normal yearly pace of 7.6 for the past numerous years and it is required to keep developing at an equivalent if not quicker rate. The fast financial development is expanding and upgrading work and business openings and thus expanding dispensable earnings. The rustic customers in India represent around 73 percent of the complete purchasers. Lately, the way of life of an enormous number of provincial customers in India has changed drastically and the procedure of progress is going on. The purchasing conduct of the provincial buyers is impacted by a few factors, for example, financial conditions, social condition, proficiency level, occupation, geological area, endeavors with respect to merchants, introduction to media and so forth. As the advantages of development stream down, an expanding number of individuals are climbing from the financially more fragile class to join the white collar class. The white collar class with its rising numbers and earnings is along these lines turning into the greatest market fragment. The prosperous class also will keep on developing as far as size and worth, yet, at a more slow pace than the working class. The majority of the organizations are going provincial on account of huge and differing markets, increment in education level and changing way of life of the individuals. Indeed, even globalization and advancement extended the Indian provincial market. A few examinations have demonstrated that country purchasers are commonly uninformed and they are likewise disorderly. Under these conditions, the dealers or the makers, abuse the purchasers. However, the buyers in India have been given different wellbeing measures against their abuse. In this paper, an endeavor has been made to contemplate the changing substance of country customer in developing markets. Watchwords: Globalization, Rural Consumer, Rural Market, Rural Potential. Presentation Provincial purchasers in developing markets of creating nations are among the biggest and quickest developing sections of the universes populace. In a nation like India, where a considerable number of the provincial individuals are living underneath neediness line, having significant level of joblessness and poor proficiency level; buyer mindfulness keeps on staying low. Most importantly around 70 percent of Indias populace lives in country territories. There are around 6, 38,365 towns in the nation as against around 300 urban communities and 5,161 towns. Of the 121 crore Indians, 83.3 crore live in rustic regions while 37.7 crore remain in urban territories, according to the Census 2011. Indeed, even in urban territories, countless individuals live in ghettos whose life isn't superior to those living in country regions. This obviously features India is as yet commanded by country populace. There were 7,935 towns in 2011 as against 5,161 of every 2001. About 13.3% of Indias populace and 42.6% of urban populace dwell in 53 urban communities having in excess of a million people, while the staying 7,882 urban communities represent 47.4% of the urban populace. There has been a consistent increment in the quantity of urban communities from 5 of every 1951 to 35 out of 2001 to 53 out of 2011 having a populace of in excess of 10 lacs. About 31% of the urban populace lives in the main 20 urban areas and about 51% of the countrys urban populace lives in the best 100 cities.4 A report on overview led by National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) says that there are 720 million customers over the towns in provincial India. Subsequently, the improvement of the country to a great extent relies on the advancement of the provincial populace. Horticulture is the primary control of the rustic individuals for their means. It has been seen in the report that the state of the country customers is vile in light of the fact that they are being abused in the provincial markets by virtue of absence of rivalry among the merchants. In spite of the fact that the country buyers face different issues like phony brands and deceptive items, misdirecting promotions, out of line guarantees and ensures, and preposterous evaluating however it barely influences their enthusiasm to purchasing since they need to purchase those items which mirror their flourishing level. Correspondingly, with globalization and progression, rustic market in India extended its possibilities over the world. Globalization portrays a procedure by which territorial economies, social orders, and societies have gotten coordinated through a worldwide system of correspondence, transportation, and exchange. Globalization can be characterized as the heightening of overall social relations which connect far off areas so that neighborhood happenings are formed by occasions happening numerous miles away and the other way around. Globalization by and large methods incorporating our economy with the economy of world. Globalization had its effect on different parts including horticultural, modern, money related, wellbeing and numerous others. Globalization has helped in: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Raising the expectations for everyday comforts of individuals, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Alleviating of neediness, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Assuring food security, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Creating a business opportunity for development of industry and administrations, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¢ Making significant commitment to the national monetary development. Globalization has acquired numerous assortments to browse for example it has given a wide scope of items to pick. The ascent of rustic market has been the most significant promoting wonder of 1990s, giving volume development to every driving organization. Destinations To inspect the reasons why organizations are going country. To consider the changing essence of provincial purchasers To investigate the current situation. To examine the activities taken by some driving organizations in the territory of rustic advertising. Information Collection The investigation depends on optional information which has been gathered from different course readings, diaries, reports and so on. Moreover, a couple of sites have likewise been counseled. Capability of Rural Market Presently a-days, each organization is amped up for the capability of provincial India and attempting to take a few to get back some composure on the rustic market on the grounds that the urban market is giving the indication of immersion. Yet, the difficulties are many: how to make the item moderate, how to enter towns with little populace, network, correspondence, language obstruction, defeating fake brands and so on. The explanations behind organizations going country are complex. Expanding provincial earnings driven by rural development, expanding enrolment in elementary schools, high infiltration of TV and different broad communications which has expanded the inclination to expend marked and esteem included items in country zones. According to an investigation led by the Market data Survey of Households (MISH) and NCAER provincial India is unobtrusively changing and developing and getting unique. Today the rustic market offers a tremendous undiscovered potential. As per a McKins ey study led in 2007, country India would expand than the all out customer market of numerous nations, for example, South Korea or Canada in an additional 20 years. Advertisers and producers are getting mindful of the expanding buying powers, huge size and request base of the once dismissed Indian hinterland. They are currently putting forth attempts to comprehend the disposition of rustic shopper. While entering the provincial market organizations are additionally falling back on CSR-Corporate Social Responsibility exercises, in this way helping the poor not exclusively to enlarge their pay yet advance their items too. For instance, Hindustan Unilivers Project Shakti carries incomes to the organization as well as help poor rustic ladies to become pay workers by selling the companys item in the country markets. It gives innovative chance and in this manner improves the expectation for everyday comforts of rustic ladies. It is a success win circumstance for the organization just as for the shoppers. Some significant organizations that have centered in Indian rustic division so far are Asian Paints, PG, and Bajaj Auto, LG hardware, Coca Cola, Hind ustan Unilever, Britannia, Philips, Colgate, ITC and LIC. We are still to comprehend the provincial buyer, his perspectives, and his propensities, especially from the advertising perspective. Following focuses clarify the reasons why organizations are going country for example what draws in them: Huge and Scattered market Significant salary from agribusiness Low expectation for everyday life Conventional Outlook Various financial backwardness Framework Facilities High Growth Rate Realities about the Indian Rural Market The accompanying realities are accumulated from the examination done by National Council for Applied Financial Research (NCAER) about the rustic India: Country India comprises 70% of Indias absolute populace. It represents 56% of national salary. It adds to 1/third of Indias absolute reserve funds. It represents 64% of all out use. Rustic economy is assessed to arrive at a size of Rs 18 trillion by 2012-2013 as against Rs 12 trillion of every 2007-2008. Provincial shoppers portion of complete responsibility for cost things like bikes, pressure cookers and watches during 1995-96 was 60%. The portion of provincial India in the FMCG advertise is around 53% and is required to arrive at 60% in future. Why center around rustic purchaser? It is discovered that organizations have extended in rustic zones since they can avoid rivalry, produce another interest and thus increment their deals or benefits also. The provincial India offers a colossal market potential. Indeed, country markets are the new markets offering both strong and non-sturdy items. Long haul point of view of promoting arranging with present day approach is basic for their future development. The Indian provincial market is a goldmine, which should be investigated. Rustic shoppers conduct should be comprehended and items exceptionally intended to suit the country lifestyle. The key business players are overjoyed about the enormous market potential in Indias provincial regions. It is additionally accepted that significant changes have occurred in the financial essentials, decline in farming reliance, and increment in normal salary, way of life, way of life of the rustic because of high monetary development rate. Business big shots plan tremendous ventur es concentrated on provincial regions, as

Seasons Change and So Do Feelings free essay sample

Seasons change thus do sentiments. Closest companions move away. Love isn’t in every case valid and life is rarely simple. Life doesn’t accompany an eraser and the time machine is still only a pleasant idea. My closest companion welcomed me to a gathering where I knew there would drink. I went, however I didn't take even a taste. Remaining uninvolved, I looked as she kept decimating her life. She drank drink after beverage until she hit the floor. With her little body size, it is a miracle she’s still alive. Regular I get back home from school and ask how my mom’s day went. Regular I hear a similar answer. I can tell she’s lying in some cases. She fakes a grin, says everything worked out in a good way, and afterward looks the other way. Around evening time I hear her cry and with every last bit of her exertion, we are still scarcely simply getting by. We will compose a custom article test on Seasons Change thus Do Feelings or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page I viewed my father poison his brain with medications and liquor. He would shout, continue, and afterward become injurious. He hit my mother and called me names. He abandoned me and at a certain point, he even attempted to slaughter me. I despite everything cherished him, yet he needed to overlook me. He attempted to drink me away. A portion of my companions have babies, however they can not bolster themselves. Regular day to day existence gets more earnestly and I watch them gradually sneak away. They have no future. Regularly as the weight manufactures progressively extraordinary and I start to separate, I recall my fantasy. I would prefer not to resemble my companions and wreck my existence with liquor and negligible connections. I would prefer not to resemble my mother and marginally get my family by. What's more, I would prefer not to resemble my father and toxin my psyche. I need to attend a university so I can be someone. After I graduate school, I need to be the best columnist out there. I will achieve my fantasy vocation since from the beginning, I have kept my fantasy close. I am not my loved ones. I am a unique; I am me and I won't capitulate to the constrain that attempts to separate me. I will be someone since somebody once revealed to me I never would. This will confirm that the above work is totally origional.

Free Essays on Of Revenge

The paper composed by Francis Bacon, â€Å"Of Revenge†, talked about something that the majority of us as of now have thought about. Be that as it may, what we realize we ought to do, we don’t consistently do. Subsequently it serves us as an update that vengeance, in spite of the fact that it might be sweet, may not generally be the best course taken. When requested to react to this perusing as a bit of writing I would state it was elegantly composed, yet difficult to follow for the normal individual. Bacon’s deduction to different subjects required the peruser to be outfitted with foundation information on those points, and, if the peruser was not, the quintessence of the piece was not completely passed on to the peruser. The composing would be wasteful in rolling out a huge improvement in the conduct or thought of the cutting edge peruser. In this manner, I would state this piece is a result of its time and, despite the fact that the essayist has subscribed to change the attitude of any individual, it is basically just pertinent to an individual who knows about the phrasing utilized during Bacon’s time. In spite of the fact that having an all inclusive subject that crosses numerous limits, the composing would along these lines be ineffectual in today’s present day society. The subject of vengeance can be applied to today’s recent developments on the subject of Osama Bin Ladin. He was clearly attempting to seek retribution on the United States for whatever it has done to him and his kin. The United States, hence is looking for retribution on Bin Laden, and his supporters. As per Francis Bacon, the US should acquit Bin Laden and be unrivaled. Is exonerating actually the prevalent decision? Should the United States down and let it be assaulted? Clearly, in this circumstance, vengeance, as I would like to think, and in numerous others, is the most astute decision. In this manner, I feel that Bacon’s guidance, albeit highminded, isn't constantly material, and is excessively hopeful. All in all, vengeance implies various things to various individuals. To somebody, it possibly utilized for comfort, yet for other people, as on account of the United State... Free Essays on Of Revenge Free Essays on Of Revenge The exposition composed by Francis Bacon, â€Å"Of Revenge†, talked about something that a large portion of us as of now have thought about. Be that as it may, what we realize we ought to do, we don’t consistently do. Along these lines it serves us as an update that vengeance, despite the fact that it might be sweet, may not generally be the best course taken. When requested to react to this perusing as a bit of writing I would state it was elegantly composed, however difficult to follow for the normal individual. Bacon’s induction to different subjects required the peruser to be furnished with foundation information on those points, and, if the peruser was not, the embodiment of the piece was not completely passed on to the peruser. The composing would be wasteful in rolling out a noteworthy improvement in the conduct or thought of the cutting edge peruser. Thusly, I would state this piece is a result of its time and, despite the fact that the author has investe d in change the outlook of any individual, it is basically just material to an individual who knows about the wording utilized during Bacon’s time. Despite the fact that having an all inclusive subject that crosses numerous limits, the composing would accordingly be inadequate in today’s present day society. The subject of retribution can be applied to today’s recent developments on the subject of Osama Bin Ladin. He was obviously attempting to seek retribution on the United States for whatever it has done to him and his kin. The United States, along these lines is looking for vengeance on Bin Laden, and his supporters. As indicated by Francis Bacon, the US should exonerate Bin Laden and be prevalent. Is exculpating actually the predominant decision? Should the United States down and let it be assaulted? Clearly, in this circumstance, vengeance, as I would like to think, and in numerous others, is the smartest decision. Along these lines, I feel that Bacon’s exhortation, albeit righteous, isn't constantly appropriate, and is excessively hopeful. All in all, vengeance implies various things to various individuals. To somebody, it perhaps utilized for comfort, however for other people, as on account of the United State...

Gender picture analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sex picture investigation - Essay Example The man has surrendered kids over to their mother and has made posture on one side wearing a shirting that tells his situation of a lifeguard. The man is free, while the lady is lost in kids. Her hair is uncombed, and she is wearing a blurred disheveled outfit. She invested energy making supper for the children that she is holding in one hand, yet the heap of eight or nine infants is simply an excessive amount to deal with all the while. The image plainly composes manly and female underneath every one of the two characters. This implies the manner in which characters have been depicted is normal of their social jobs and obligations as a mother and a dad. Online sexual orientation tests have increased a lot of ubiquity in the ongoing years. The accompanying content tells how sexual orientation is decided through tests in the contemporary age. Folks and young ladies are diverse in manners just we understand. Actually, without getting some information about your garments, prepping, or c hest, our Gender Test will foresee, with 100% exactness, regardless of whether you're a person or a young lady. The reason for such messages is to a great extent fun. The individual experiencing the test is very much aware of his/her sexual orientation character. In any case, in light of certain social characteristics, individuals will in general label a person inverse to his/her genuine sexual orientation. In such conditions, such messages do explain people’s questions they have created throughout the years as a result of over the top awareness about their sexual orientation personality. Such tests have pressure uncovering consequences for people since as a general rule, the tests produce whimsical and hopeful outcomes.

10 Meeting Rules to Host Productive and Effective Meetings

10 Meeting Rules to Host Productive and Effective Meetings A recent study of 19 million meetings found that workers in the U.S. spend an average of two hours a week in pointless meetings. And while that doesn’t sound like a lot, the exponential cost of two hours per person per week is massive. Altogether, these pointless meetings cost U.S. companies nearly $400 billion each year. Companies can save a tremendous amount of money and improve their productivity greatly by simply having fewer pointless meetings. And the best way to limit the number of pointless meetings being held is to establish a set of meeting rules that everyone must follow. 10 Meeting Rules for Productive and Effective Meetings If you feel that your company’s or team’s productivity is being drained by pointless, ineffective meetings, consider establishing these 10 meeting rules. 1. Hold meetings only when they’re absolutely required Scheduling a meeting shouldn’t be an automatic response to every question or issue. Instead, people should be expected to seriously consider if a meeting is the appropriate format. In an article for Harvard Business Review, time management coach Elizabeth Grace Saunders recommends asking these questions to determine if a meeting is what you truly need: “Have I thought through this situation?” Instead of scheduling a meeting at the first sign of a problem or the first time you’re asked a question you’re not sure how to answer, take time to think strategically and form a logical process for addressing the issue. “Does moving forward require a real-time conversation?” Workers waste far more time in meetings than they do answering emails. Before scheduling a meeting, determine if you can solve the problem simply by sending an email. Status meetingsâ€"meetings where you meet to discuss or review progressâ€"tend to be a particular drain on productivity. These meetings can be easily done away with altogether by adopting task management software that lets everyone see progress on a project in real-time. See Real-Time Project Progress Try it for free Try it for free 2. Only invite people who are truly needed Instead of inviting everyone to your meeting, only invite those people whose input is absolutely required. A lot of times, people will send meeting invites to an entire distribution list, allow guests to forward the meeting invite to others, or simply add everyone who’s in any way involved in a project. The result: massive meetings that are difficult to keep on track, and lists of attendees who have nothing to contribute to or gain from the meeting. According to Michael Mankins, co-author of Time, Talent, Energy, people often feel that they don’t have the authority to turn down meeting invitationsâ€"particularly from higher managersâ€"even if they feel like the meeting will be unproductive. Therefore, the responsibility sits with the meeting organizer to determine exactly who will bring real value and decision-making power to a meeting before sending out invitations. Amazon’s CEO Jeff Bezos, who famously meets with his investors for just six hours per year, has a two-pizza rule: no meeting should be held with more people than can be fed with two pizzas. By restricting meeting sizes, Bezos claims that meetings move faster and conversations are purely between people with decision-making power. If you’re on the receiving end of too many invitations to pointless meetings, consider adopting these five strategies for attending fewer meetings. 3. Assign a meeting facilitator To run effective meetings, someone needs to be facilitating. The facilitator’s role is to ensure that the meeting starts and ends on time, covers and sticks to the agenda, and follows all established meeting rules. The key responsibility of the meeting facilitator is to create an environment where attendees can work together to reach an effective solution or conclusion within the designated time. That might include things like: introducing attendees ensuring everyone is given time to share his/her input, and cutting off off-topic discussions The logical facilitator for any meeting is the person who’s organizing the meeting, so if you’re sending meeting invites to your coworkers, you should be prepared to act as its facilitator and keep the meeting you scheduled on track so it’s productive for all attendees. 4. Set up meeting equipment in advance If you’re hosting your meeting in a conference room, head over to that conference room before your meeting begins to get set up and make sure you have everything you need. Why is this important? It’s not a good use of anyone’s time to sit around for 15 minutes watching the meeting organizer struggle to get the projector working. If another meeting is scheduled just before yours that will prevent you from setting up early, check the meeting room at the end of a workday when it’s empty and make sure it has everything you need. You don’t want to find out that you needed an adapter for the projector seconds before your meeting begins. Finally, it’s also a good idea to double-check your meeting invite to make sure any remote participants have the details they need to join your meeting, such as dial-in numbers and meeting codes. Check to make sure those details are included in your invitationâ€"and that they’re accurate. 5. Share a meeting agenda in advance Sharing an agenda for your meeting well before the meeting takes place helps attendees see what’s going to be expected of them during the meeting. This helps them gather any information they may need in order to participate in the meeting productively. If the people you’ve invited don’t know what they need to prepare for, you run the risk of having to host a follow-up meeting to discuss details you couldn’t gather in the first meeting because people didn’t know what questions they were going to be asked or what information they would need to provide. Create Meeting Agendas Quickly and Easily Get MindMeister Get MindMeister 6. Take and share meeting notes The best team meetings result in a clear, shared understanding of what’s needed next, including actionable, assigned tasks. It’s the role of the meeting facilitator or assigned notetaker to ensure that all takeaways, actionable items, and decisions are documented and shared with attendees after the meeting. When taking notes in meetings, notetakers should focus on: Facts (e.g. “Jenna is the creative lead on this project.”) Issues (e.g. “There is too much work to complete by the deadline.”) Decisions (e.g. “We will break this project up into smaller, more manageable chunks.”) Action Plans (e.g. “The project manager and creative lead will determine how to break this project up.”) Questions and Answers (e.g. questions that couldn’t be answered during the meeting or answers provided to questions that were asked during the meeting) Taking detailed meeting notes is also important if you’re following the second meeting rule on this list: only invite people who are truly needed. If you’re limiting your invite list, meeting notes are useful for people who need to know the outcome of the meeting even though they didn’t need to be involved in the meeting itself. Related: 5 Simple Strategies for Taking Better Notes at Work 7. Give everyone the opportunity to participate In a typical eight-person team meeting, three people do 70% of the talking. As the meeting facilitator, there are a number of things you can do to encourage a better balance and give everyone a chance to participate. First, you can help people come to the meeting more confident and ready to participate. This can be achieved by sharing key questions you’re planning to ask and problems you’re hoping to solve before the meeting (via a meeting agenda) so people can come to the meeting prepared. Second, during the meeting, it’s the role of the facilitator to ensure that the meeting isn’t dominated by one or two attendees. This can be done by actively asking less assertive attendees their opinions during the meeting or watching for physical cues that someone is struggling to break into the discussion. Not everyone is comfortable fighting for the floor, but most will happily speak up if you offer them the opportunity. And if you’ve shared the meeting agenda in advance and asked attendees to prepare, there’s also less of a risk that you’re putting them on the spot. Find more tips like these in our guide to inclusive team meetings. 8. Limit discussion times for each agenda item Meetings should be no longer than an hour, as sixty minutes is generally the longest time people can remain truly engaged. To this end, it’s important that your meeting finishes on time. To make sure you don’t run out of time before covering every item on your agenda, it helps to limit the amount of time you’ll spend on each topic you need to cover. Consider allocating a specific amount of time to each agenda item. Then, when time’s up, move on. If you don’t want to bound discussions by set time limits, you should at least make sure to list the most important items higher up on the agenda so they’re covered first. Related: 6 Productivity Tips to Keep Your Meetings on Track 9. Ban unnecessary devices To make your meetings faster and more effective, ensure team members respect other meeting attendees by actively listening. It’s a fact that it’s much harder to listen when you’re multitaskingâ€"checking emails, replying to IMs, or making lunch plans via text messages. If you’re meeting in-person, ask attendees to stay off their phones and laptops unless they need them to take meeting notes. When hosting an online meeting, this can be more difficult to control. However, asking all attendees to keep their cameras on can help. The good news: if you’re only inviting people who are truly needed, keeping your meetings limited to a reasonable amount of time, and sticking to your agenda, attendees will be less likely to multitask because your meetings will be more valuable for them to pay attention to. Related: The Art of Listening in Distributed Teams 10. Speak slowly and clearly when presenting When speaking publicly, Carmine Gallo, author of Talk Like TED, advises speaking at a rate of 190 words per minute. If you speak much faster, you can end up sounding nervousâ€"as if you’re trying to get it over with as soon as possible. When holding a meeting online, this is even more important. According to Susan Colaric, Assistant Vice President for Instructional Technology at Saint Leo University: Video-conference meetings should actually move at a slightly slower pace than a typical meeting due to a two- to three-second delay for most systems to communicate. “If you’re leading the meeting,” Colaric says, “make sure there are sufficient pauses after asking a question. If you are a participant, bring attention to yourself before addressing the group by signaling with your hand or saying ‘question’ or ‘comment,’ and then waiting a couple of seconds before continuing.” Related: 9 Steps to Leading a Successful Online Meeting Adopt An Effective Post-Meeting Workflow One final important part of conducting effective meetings is what you do after the meeting is over. After a meeting, it’s important to recap the decisions made in the meeting, share your recap with attendees via email, and assign any tasks to relevant people. Having a written meeting recap gives people something to point to if there are questions down the line about how and why certain decisions were made. Additionally, if you assign people the tasks they’re responsible for, you can make sure those tasks are completed (so a follow-up meeting isn’t required). If you follow these meeting rules for every meeting you schedule, you’ll be doing your part to limit the number of pointless meetings and reduce the waste of unproductive meetings. Best of all, if you gain a reputation for being someone who runs truly productive meetings, your coworkers will appreciate that you value their time and will make more of an effort to attend your meetings in the future. Assign Tasks Easily After Every Meeting

Fast Growing And Turbulent Economic World Goverment And Business - 550 Words

Fast Growing And Turbulent Economic World: Goverment And Business (Case Study Sample) Content: Government and BusinessStudents Name:Institution:Date:In an era of fast growing and turbulent economic world, businesses keep being established and there is an increased need of ensuring that these businesses run smoothly. This entails even the involvement of the government. The governments role in the business world has remained the same for a long time in the economic world, where the government has been seen to intervene in businesses in a number of ways. These include; granting permissions, enforcing contracts, consumer protection, employee protection, consumer protection, taxation and environmental protection among others. This paper will therefore, discuss which governmental agency regulates manufacturers and the ethics to be considered based on the provided case.Over the years people are developing increased consciousness on the ecology and environment as a whole but sadly, the society knows very little of how we affect the environment. This is in the sense tha t people do not understand who is putting what where to cause environmental destruction or what are the various effects of these contaminants to our environment. As a result, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established by the government so as to come in and help in the consolidation, evaluation and improvement on the understanding we have concerning our environment by putting into practice the many existing strategies set to restore the environment.The EPA has been able to focus and improve pollution control efforts in the environment by being able to establish and enforce environmental standards as well as by monitoring pollution in the environment CITATION Ruc12 \l 1033 (Ruckeshaus, 2012). The case for this paper presents that the paint leeching from the boats seem to affect the marine life by creating birth effects. This is an issue that should be addressed by the Environmental Protection Agency since there are regulations that the manufacturer should comply to be fore and even after realizing the effect of his or her product. The EPA presents that, there are tests and results that manufacturers should have their products go through and meet respectively, before they are introduced into the market CITATION Els13 \l 1033 (Elsevier, 2013). Additionally, the EPA has the authority to prohibit the manufacturing and distribution of harmful products that negatively affect the environment.For instance, in this case before the paint was used, the effect on the marine life should have been identified and that environmental effect would not have been there. Also, the manufacturing and distribution of the paint could have been prohibited. The efforts put by government and government agencies require us as the individuals as well to come in and help in protecting the environment, however not all people do this. In the case above, the president of the company responsible for the product creating birth defects in the marine life seems not to care. He is aw are of what is happening and why but ye chooses ...

Rape Culture It Is Believable Or Not - 1537 Words

Maggie Brown Mrs.Gallos English 3 24 April 17 Rape Culture Whether it is believable or not, rape culture exists in our everyday life, our society, our schools, our colleges, in our country, and anywhere on Earth. It is a problem that has always been around, but it just was not given a name. Rape culture is defined as, â€Å"A society or environment whose prevailing social attitudes have the effect of normalizing or trivializing sexual assault and abuse.† (â€Å"Rape) An example of how this would play out in our society, for those who do not believe that it exists, would be if a male got raped and no one believed him because men can not be raped, or if a young male comes forward and people tell him, â€Å"You should be happy you scored while you’re so†¦show more content†¦Another thing that is an example of rape culture is when you tell little kids that when someone is chasing them, picking on them, or being mean to them it is because they like them. Parents teach little boys that when a girl says no, she means yes, and when the girl runs away, society tells them that it means to chase after her. It is the little habits like these that stick with a child for the rest of their lives. Parents teach little girls to cross their legs and ankles so little boys can not see up their skirt. Sure, it does not seem like that big of a deal, but wait until that child grows up with those beliefs. While the child grows up believing the mentioned beliefs, they still go by those. Women are taught not to go out at night, and to always have pepper spray and a buddy with them. Men are taught that no means no and yes means yes. Women are taught that a woman’s place is in the kitchen , having babies, and to please their man. The children grow up with this mindset from watching their parents who were taught the same thing, and then they go off to college. In college, there is a lot of drinking and partying, which is someone s choice to go to. While it is someone’s choice to go to a party and get drunk, it is not someone’s choice to be raped. When a person is drunk, they can not consent.Show MoreRelatedThe Rape Of Sexual Violence1642 Words   |  7 Pagesnot a rape if it happens after drinking or taking drugs†: these quotes about rape are few to the numerous myths that circulate society today. 1 out of every 6 American women has been sexually assaulted, yet this statistic is only from victims who come forward (Victims of Sexual Violence: Statistics†). The problem in America today is the â€Å"Rape Culture† in which we live. A Rape Culture is defined as a â€Å"rape prevalent society in which sexual violence is normalized and excused through pop culture and media†Read MoreAnalysis of Setting and Characterization in Greasy Lake Written by T. Coraghessan Boyle866 Words   |  4 PagesIn his short story â€Å"Greasy Lake,† the lake with the community teenagers create a stereotypical scene of current youth pop culture. Many youth who read this story can find the ironic references and similarities with their lifestyle in today’s world. T. Coraghessan Boyle uses the setting of the story to expose a world lacking self-discipline and showing immorality amongst a community youth, which can sometimes be rather common today. This also aids in creating an atmosphere that surrounds suspenseRead MoreThe Kite Runner Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesKite Runner (TKR) including Loyalty, Culture, Gender and Ethnicity and Atonement. Hosseini has expressed these through the combination of style, structure, characterisation, themes and setting. Due to the context of The Kite Runner, culture is an important idea presented because it has major significance in Afghanistan life and the characters are shaped by it. The majority of the novel is set in Afghanistan which is a country with a very strong culture. 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Although no author or source is given, this news outlet is typically reliable. The source is given more credibility by Trustlaw (center for legal assistance and hub for news and information on anti-corruption issuesRead MoreThe Film The Mask You Live1432 Words   |  6 Pagespressured to suppress his emotions. (Kindlon) During the film, there were many pictures and videos shown of tragic events that have occurred in the past, such as the 2012 Aurora shooting and Sandy Hook shooting. Some of the videos included news about rape incidents, including Brock Stanford, who raped an unconscious woman. Viewers can think effectively using their emotion and critical thinking that all these tragedies mentioned could be traced back to the man whose mind wasn t in the right positionRead MoreVampires And Zombies : Monsters1658 Words   |  7 Pageszombies also started in chaotic situations. Zombies appeared in 1960s, when wars and other tragedies affected cultural consciousness. The grim realization that people are not as safe and secure as they might have once thought made American popular culture to think about the fear of possible terrorist attacks (Bishop 17). Then zombie movies were used to present unnatural death (Bishop 17). Additionally, although both vampires and zombies are raised form graves, zombies s eem more likely to really existRead MoreA New Dimension Of Crime1752 Words   |  8 PagesNew Year’s Eve in Cologne, Germany, women were robbed and assaulted near a train station by a â€Å"crowd of about 1,000 men.† Hundreds of complaints were filed for the harassment, many of which dealt with robbery and the assaultment, though two cases of rape arose (Chokshi). The attackers, all of whom were young males, would â€Å"tightly surround women in groups of 30 or 40, before groping them and mugging them,† some even daring to throw firecrackers through the crowds (Tensions). 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It is a modified work, based off a French novel, Les liaisons dangereuses, 1789. The film is an adapted screenplay and the plot of the story is character driven. I was enthralled by this film and along with this adaptation

Essay on Leadership and Management - 1347 Words

The terms leadership and management are often used interchangeably. While some writers argue that there is a clear distinction between leadership and management, others argue that leadership is simply a function of management. Which view do you feel is the most relevant in the context of your industry and why? According to Ricketts (2009) in today’s world effective leadership and management is essential in order to archive success. Terms of leadership and management are being seen as synonyms and often used interchangeably. Some writers such as Zeleznik, Kotter think that there is no close relationship between leadership and management, while others persuade us that leadership is simply one of the characteristic of the manager. This†¦show more content†¦According to Drucker (2006, as cited by Mullins 2007) management is about making people capable of working toward a common goal. He states that management is the fundamental part of organisation. As it is with leadership management had many interpretations. Zeleznik believes (1989, as cited by McCrimmon 2006) managers are task orientated, cold, lacking of empathy. Furthermore, Armstrong (2008) says that management is to achieve goals using all available resources such as people, money, information, knowledge etc. On the oth er hand Mullins (2007) tries to answer the question whether managers are born or made. According to him neither is an answer, it is rather combination of both, he explains that even though there are certain innate characteristics of good manager they must be encourage, developed and trained. One of the key characteristic of the manager is that they are to ensure that the job gets done. They are also responsible for planning, introducing new policies, resolving problem. Airline and airport industry is very changeable, where profits are marginal and losses are common. Management must act quickly implicating new policies, change the companies aims, within this industry it can be matter be or not to be for companies. So how does one distinguish between leadership and management? Although these terms are frequently used interchangeably andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Leadership vs. Management1274 Words   |  6 Pages This essay will focus on the meaning of leadership and management, also which view is the most relevant to the Tourism Industry. In order to answer those question, it is necessary define the two terms providing evidences and arguments from different authors about the characteristics, roles, similarities and difference. In conclusion after looking all the different points of view, the importance of each view will be evaluated in the context of Airline and Airport Industry. The leadership and managementRead MoreManagement And Leadership Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership Some might argue that there is not much difference between management and leadership. While a good manager can also be a good leader and visa versa, this does not always hold true. A leader is someone who people naturally follow through their own choice, whereas a manager must be obeyed. A manager may only have obtained his position of authority through time and loyalty given to the company, not as a result of his leadership qualities. A leader may have no organizationalRead More Management and Leadership Essay695 Words   |  3 Pages Leadership and Management are two notions that are often used interchangeably. However, these words actually describe two different concepts. For this paper, I am going to try to discuss these differences and explain why both terms are thought to be similar. Leadership is just one of the many assets a successful manager must possess. Care must be taken in distinguishing between the two concepts. The main aim of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementationRead MoreManagement And Leadership Essay1057 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership Paper The difference of management and leadership is a question that is being discussed more and more in todays corporate environment. Different views and roles in a business, both share a common bond in the corporate structure. The key distinction between is the way they impact the corporate structure. Persons in a leadership role, set strategic goals for the company; while management implements these goals and aids them to fruition. Strategic goals are definedRead MoreManagement and Leadership Essay1392 Words   |  6 PagesManagement and Leadership As a Naval Officer I had the opportunity to experience both leadership and management. Todays Navy operates with fewer people and resources than before. Therefore, leadership and management are more important than ever. Very early in my career I was taught leadership and as I advanced through the ranks I experienced management. There are numerous distinctions between management and leadership. Good managers are sometimes leaders; good leaders are sometimesRead MoreEssay on Management vs. Leadership 1301 Words   |  6 PagesManagement and Leadership are two concept that are often used interchangeably; however, they actually describe two different concepts. The power available to managers tends to arise from their position, whereas for leaders it often comes from within (Naylor, 2004). Capowski supports this theory suggesting that the contrasts between management and leadership are that one stems from the head and the other the heart (Capowski, 1994). However these roles differ, it remains that both have â€Å"the potentialRead MoreEssay on Management and Leadership1219 Words   |  5 Pagesstrong leaders and managers that develop, support and encourage employee longevity within a company. There is a significant difference between leadership and management however both skills have to be used collec tively and both are important to a profitable organization. Leadership is a notion of communicating an organization’s vision, whereas management is more of the implementation of the organization’s vision. The manager typically carries out the responsibilities written by the organizationRead More Management and Leadership Essays1070 Words   |  5 PagesManagement and Leadership Management and leadership are two words that are considered synonymous but describe two different concepts. According to the dictionary, management is the act, manner, or practice of managing; handling, supervision, or control; leadership is the capacity or ability to lead. In many organizations, management is a job description; leadership is a positive trait. The purpose of this paper is to distinguish between the two, to look at the responsibilities that come withRead MoreManagement And Leadership Essay1431 Words   |  6 PagesManagement and Leadership Paper Being a leader is not necessarily being a manager and being a manager is not always being a leader. Being able to distinguish the differences between a leader and manager is not always simple. Todays demanding business unquestionably adds to the level of difficulty in determining, who is what. This paper will be illustrating the differences that separate a leader from a manager and vise versa. This paper will also review the duties and roles of a leader and whatRead MoreManagement and Leadership Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesManagement and Leadership Leadership is the process by which a person influences others to accomplish a goal, and directs an organization in a manner that makes it more unified and logical. A noted by Maxwell (1991), â€Å"True leadership cannot be awarded, appointed, or assigned. It comes only from influence, and that can’t be mandated. It must be earned† (p.14). Leadership can also be described as a dynamic, relational process involving interactions among leaders, members, and outside

Rhetorical Devices Used in Queen Elizabeths Speech

Through her speech, Queen Elizabeth inspired her people to fight for the country of England against the Spaniards. Queen Elizabeth persuaded the English troops to defend their country with rhetoric devices such as diction, imagery, and sentence structure to raise their morale and gain loyalty as a woman in power. Queen Elizabeth skillfully used diction throughout her speech to motivate the troops. In the speech, Queen Elizabeth used the word â€Å"we† four times to underscore her feeling of unity between her and her country. She conveyed her care about the welfare of everyone in the country. This inspired the soldiers to remain patriotic and want to fight for their nation. In addition, the queen refered to the soldiers as â€Å"noble† and†¦show more content†¦The whole phrase justified that she is, in fact, a strong leader, both politically and militaristically regardless of her being a woman. This phrase would help the queen gain respect from the soldiers who may not have respected her high position before because of her gender. In the same sentence, Queen Elizabeth uses a hyperbole to describe how much she cared for her country of England. She said, â€Å"I myself will take up arms†. She, of course, had no intent to physically engage in the war along wit h the troops, but she was trying to depict the image of herself to the soldiers saying that she was willing to do anything for the sake of England. This convinced the troops that they should do the same. The queen’s excellent use of imagery instilled respect for herself from the troops and inspired them to go to war. Queen Elizabeth expertly used sentence structure to instill confidence in the troops to fight the Spaniards and gain trust. In the speech, the queen used parallel structure to compare herself to a king, or man in power. She said that she has the body of a weak and feeble woman, but a strong heart of a king. The usage of parallel structure brought to light that even though she may not be physically able, she still cared about the well being of her people just as a king would. She conveyed the message that the people’s respect towards her should be no different than that directed towards a king. In addition, Queen ElizabethShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Winston Churchill And Queen Elizabeths Speech914 Words   |  4 PagesQueen Elizabeth and Winston Churchill are both famously known in history but also for their speeches given. Queen Elizabeth was taxed with the task of rallying British commoners, many of them untrained farmers, to battle the Spanish Armada as they closed in on the coast of England in 1588. In 1940, three days into his new appointment as Prime Minister, Winston Churchill faced the daunting task of unifying the country during Britain’s involvement in World War II. Both figures had different audiencesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnets : The Greatest Of All Love Poems1465 Words   |  6 Pagesin the late 1500s and early 1600s, during the beginning of Renaissance and in a period known as the Elizabethan Age. The ascension of Queen Elizabeth to the throne in 1558 and her spiritual influence after a century of Protestant Reformation created great religious upheaval in the English society. Religion became an important part of society due to Queen Elizabeth’s mandatory Church of England attendance regulations. Catholicism was not a crime, however, it was illegal to hold or attend a mass. ToRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream1760 Words   |  8 Pagesfascistic use of charm, Oberon’s abili ty to use incantations to unsettle Theseus’ early wish for perfect harmony (1.1.11-15) and control wild forces such as nature, other fairies and mankind, foregrounds the play’s action. Modeled after the power of speech-acts (utterances considered as actions, particularly in terms of its intention, purpose or effect), the theatrical use of charm I propose here predominantly resides in the vocal chords of a dictator (Oberon); that is, it can control, decisively affect

Individualism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter...

Individualism in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Often in society people are criticized, punished and despised for their individual choices and flaws. In the novel, The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author uses Hester Prynne to symbolize that those who challenge social conformities can benefit society as a whole. Though she has been banished for committing adultery, she sees that the community needs her. Through her generous accomplishments the community realizes she is a person who, regardless of her sin, can affect the community in a positive way. The new Puritan society wanted to punish Hester Prynne horribly so that she would set an example of the consequences the others would receive if they committed a†¦show more content†¦This closed mindedness could only see hatred for Hester Prynne and the need to identify her with the letter A. This way everyone would look at her rather than one another. The society was still not satisfied with this punishment and chose to pass their negativity on to their offspring. Thus the young and pure would be taught to look at her, with the scarlet letter flaming on her breastÂ…as the figure, the body, the reality of sin (83). The mothers of the children in the community would point her out and tell their children not to be like her. They would use her as an example of the consequences of being an individual and going against societys rules. Children too young to comprehend wherefore this women so be shut out from the sphere of human charitiesÂ… coming forth along the pathway that lead town ward; and, discerning the scarlet letter on her breast, would scamper off with a strange, contagious fear (85). The fact that the community went to so much trouble to never let her forget what she had done, and the fact that she accepts societies condemnation, says she does not run away from her problems. As much as the community tries to totally ost racize her from everything, both physically and mentally she still sticks with it and that shows how she willingly accepts the consequences of her past decisions. Hester is forced to live apart from the townspeople, but society begins to learnShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1397 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Graves Professor Connie Caskey English 251: American Literature I 8 February 2016 The Scarlet Letter was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 which is based on the time frame of the Puritans, a religious group who arrived in Massachusetts in the 1630’s. The Puritans were in a religious period that was known for the strict social norms in which lead to the intolerance of different lifestyles. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses the puritan’s strict lifestyles to relate to the universal issues among usRead MoreSins inThe Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagesworst, yet some trait whereby the worst may be inferred† (Hawthorne). As this sentence is read in the The Scarlet Letter, the reader will realize that the main theme of the book is the sentence above. Throughout the book, secret sin damages the lives, soul, and the integrity of the main characters. However, it could have easily been evaded through open confession of their sins. Nathaniel Hawthorne’s purpose in writing this novel is an attempt to influence the re ader to openly confess their sins and neverRead MoreNathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlett Letter Essay1269 Words   |  6 Pagescreator. Through the portrayal of The Scarlet Letter’s Pearl, Nathaniel Hawthorne argues for the importance of individuality, the supremacy of nature over civilization, and the wisdom of children. Together, these transcendentalist principles function together to make Pearl a fitting representation of Hawthorne’s themes and ideologies. Pearl’s individuality, symbolized in dress and epitomized by behavior, opposes Puritan conformity and thus supports Hawthorne’s transcendentalist ideals. One ofRead MoreA Romantic View Of Hester Prynne Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesCollegio Ms. Slevin and Mr. Arthur Final Draft A Romantic View of Hester Prynne Individualism, emotion and the purity and simplicity of nature are at the foundation of American Romanticism. Essays such as Thoreau’s Walden and Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance† call on humans to look inward and avoid conformity in order to find meaning and purpose in life. Nathaniel Hawthorne is also sympathetic to these ideals, but in The Scarlet Letter, he conveys them in the format of a novel where one of his main charactersRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s fictional work, The Scarlet Letter, is significantly influenced by his experience with transcendental beliefs and values. Transcendentalists believe they are at their best when they are self-reliant and independent. His wife, Sophia Peabody, practiced transcendentalism, but he spent a year living and working at Brook Farm in Massachusetts, which was a transcendental community. Influenced by Sophia’s interest in the transce ndentalist movement, Hawthorne invested money in an experimentalRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter864 Words   |  4 PagesIn Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, he thoroughly exposes the social depths of the Puritan society. As a Romanticist, his values and ideals go in line with nature and individualism, which is lucidly seen by the way he writes of the so called pious who contradict this and rather emphasize conformity. To further depict the hypocrisy within the Puritan community, the use of rhetorical devices is evident as Hawthorne utilized the character of Pearl to epitomize the beauty of yielding societalRead MoreRomanticism s Impact On America Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween the years 1800 and 1860, left a significant impact on not only the literature of that time, but the literature of today as well. Prior to romantic writings, the world focused on society and logic. Romanticism allowed people to start valuing individualism and to appeal to emotional responses. This new way of thinking brought new literary styles, themes, and genres that were never explored before and are still found today. The literature of Romanticism allowed people to escape the harshness of realityRead MoreRomanticism s Impact On America Essay1376 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween the years 1800 and 1860, left a significant impact on not only the literature of that time, but the literature of today as well. Prior to romantic writings, the world focused on society and logic. Romanticism allowed people to start valuing individualism and to appeal to emotional responses. This new way of thinking brought new literary styles, themes, and genres that were never explored before and are still found today. The literature of Romanticism allowed people to escape the harshness of realityRead MoreWhat Is the Moral of the Scarlet Letter Essay1116 Words   |  5 Pages The scarlet letter is a text written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1850 a fictional work which tells about the history of England during the puritan age and the story of women named Hester Prynne. The author feels this text as a romantic work because the text includes about love and the adulteress. The text involves facts and fiction of the author such as the â€Å"Custom-House is a fact and real, while the author was working as a surveyor in the Salem custom house inRead MoreThe New American Literature : The Period Of Romanticism Essay1265 Words   |  6 Pagesbetween the years 1800 and 1860, left a significant impact on not only the literature of that time, but the literature of today as well. Prior to romantic writings, the world focused on society and logic. Romanticism allowed people to start valuing individualism and to appeal to emotional responses. This new way of thinking brought new literary styles, themes, and genres that were never explored before and are still found today. The literature of Romanticism allowed people to escape th e harshness of reality

Listen to the Music Free Essays

18. Listen to the music, partner: Delivering an ultimatum to a business associate. You’re a marketing manager for Stanton, one of the premier suppliers of DJ equipment (turntables, amplifiers, speakers, mixers, and related accessories). We will write a custom essay sample on Listen to the Music or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your company’s latest creation, the FinalScratch system, has been flying off retailers’ shelves. Both professional and amateur DJs love the way that FinalScratch gives them the feel of working with vinyl records by letting them control digital music files from any analog turntable or CD player while giving them access to the endless possibilities of digital music technology. For more information about the product, go to www. stantondj. com. ) Sales are strong everywhere except in Music99 stores, a retail chain in the Mid-Atlantic region. You suspect the cause: The owners of this chain refused to let their salespeople attend the free product training you offered when FinalScratch was introduced, claiming their people were smart enough to train themselves. To explore the situation, you head out from Stanton headquarters in Hollywood, Florida, on an undercover shopping mission. After visiting a few Music99 locations, you’re appalled by what you see. The salespeople in these stores clearly don’t understand the FinalScratch concept, so they either give potential customers bad information about it or steer them to products from your competitors. No wonder sales are so bad at this chain. Your task: You’re tempted to pull your products out of this chain immediately, but you know how difficult and expensive it is to recruit new retailers in this market. However, this situation can’t go on; you’re losing thousands of dollars of potential business every week. Write a letter to Jackson Fletcher, the CEO of Music99 (14014 Preston Pike, Dover, DE 19901), expressing your disappointment in what you observed and explaining that the Music99 sales staff will need to agree to attend product training or else your company’s management team will consider terminating the business relationship. You’ve met Mr. Fletcher in person once and talked to him on the phone several times, and you know him well enough to know that he will not be pleased by this ultimatum. Music99 does a good job selling other Stanton products—and he’ll probably be furious to learn that you were â€Å"spying† on his sales staff. 43 How to cite Listen to the Music, Essay examples

Environmental Assessment A Case of Bhp Billiton and ok Tedi Mine

Question: Discuss about theEnvironmental Assessment for a Case of Bhp Billiton and ok Tedi Mine. Answer: Introduction Environmental protection has been a big challenge from many mining companies. The need to balance between economic gains from mineral mining and to protect the environment is often a delicate balance. BHP Billiton and Ok Tedi are some of the global giants in mining with interest in various minerals. Over the years, BHP Billiton has consistently published its audited environmental impact performance reports. This paper looks at 2008 and 2015 environmental performance reports and evaluates the major environment assessment issues mentioned in the two reports. In so doing, it will assess through justification whether there has been any changes on the main environmental issues over this period of time. The paper will also look at the Ok Tedi mine, and the impact it has had on the environment. Discussion Major Environmental Issues on the 2008 Sustainability Report The 2008 environmental sustainability report explores a number of environmental issues. The companys focus has been striving to meet the demand for minerals while aware of its responsibility of environmental protection. In line with its mission statement and Zero Harm policy on environment, BHP Billiton often runs internal programs that seeks to set emission targets, track progress, and improve performance (BHP, 2015). The report highlights major areas of environmental concerns as; climate change and energy, water, waste, and biodiversity and land. Climate Change and Energy The company is cognizant of climate change risks associated with greenhouse gas effects and has taken necessary actions to mitigate this concern. Such steps include innovation and advancement in technological process, as well as behavioral change. Climate change is a global challenge that requires concerted efforts from governments, companies, and other stake holders. BHP Billiton has a 5 year target which seeks to reduce greenhouse emissions by 6 per cent per unit production. In the 2008 financial year report, the company noted an increase in carbon-based energy emissions by one per cent. In this period the company also experienced a five per cent intensity increase in greenhouse gas emissions for the companys global sites. This was attributed to the switching of fuels for generators in its Chile pant (BHP, 2008). Water and Waste The company uses water largely for mining, refining, smelting, and in other petroleum processes. BHP Billiton has set targets to improve on the use of recycled water while reducing the usage of high quality water. The company had a four year aggregate target to improve by 10 percent the ratio of recycled to high quality water used. The companys mining operations produces large quantities of mineral wastes which pose a great environmental hazard. During this reporting period, the company produced about 215 million tones of mineral waste and a further 192, 000 tones in hazardous non-mineral waste. This is about 7 per cent more compared to the previous year (BHP, 2008). Environmental Incidents Another major concern that the company reported in this report is environmental incidents. While there were no major environmental incidents reported, the company recorded 40 incidents with capacity to cause serious environmental harm. These incidents were cases involving chemical spills, tank failures, high rainfall cases, and uncontrolled discharge of sediments from tanks due to broken pipelines. There was however a mitigation action plan and the company were able to take prompt action to avert danger (BHP, 2008). Major Environmental Issues on the 2015 Sustainability Report The 2015 environmental sustainability report addresses a number of environmental issues while seeking to improve on targets set in previous reports. Like the previous reports, the 2015 environmental sustainability reports places emphasizes waste management, climate change, water, and environmental risks and safety. Climate Change Climate change being one of the areas of concern, the company has taken mitigation measures to reduce climate change. Being a major energy producer and consumer, BHP Billiton has prioritized energy efficiency systems and greenhouse gas emission reduction measures. In the 2015 sustainability report, the companys total greenhouse gas emission levels were 38.3 million tons of Co2e which the company still considers high although it represents a reduction of six per cent from the previous years emissions (BHP, 2015). Health Hazards The 2015 sustainability report considers the safety of the people as one of the key areas of environmental concerns. The company underpins this fact noting that the safety, health and wellbeing of its people is central to the organization. To this far, BHP Billiton strives to provide an environment that is conducive and free from injury and occupational illness (Lodhia and Martin, 2014). Despite this goal, the company recorded tragic incidents of employees in this period. Four of this cases occurred during on-site excavation activities while one occurred off-site. The company also recorded incidence of exposure to airborne contaminants and carcinogens although this represented a 40 per cent decrease from the previous years (BHP, 2015). In this period, the report records 4.93 million hours worked incidence of employee occupational illness which a sharp increase of 74 per cent recorded the previous reporting period. Due to the nature of activities at the company, cases of musculoskeletal injuries are a major concern. Musculoskeletal injuries are a result of heavy physical work, fixed work postures, manual handling, twisting, bending, vibration, lifting, and sedentary work. The report lists musculoskeletal injuries as forming the bulk of incidence reported with 139 cases recorded (BHP, 2015). Has There Been a Change in Emphasis on the Main Environmental Issues over this Time? Over this 5-year period, BHP Billiton has constantly sought to lay more emphasis on these fundamental issues. This is evident from the specific set targets on various aspects of environment concern, and the auditing process to check whether the targets were achieved. To emphasize the importance with which the company regards this environmental concern, the company developed transparent and reward processes and practices designed to measure performance based on facts. The company also trained employees especially with regard to health and safety. On climate change, BHP Billiton has been on the forefront in championing for a cleaner and safer environment. To underscore this fact, the company apart from being a member of Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition, signed the Putting a Price on Carbon statement according to Taylor, and Hoyle (2014). Through innovative solutions in its processes, BHP Billiton has managed to achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions as evident in the 2015 sustainability report. Improvements were made in the extraction and utilization capabilities of gas drainage systems without which the company attributes could have resulted an additional 190, 000 tons of Co2e in the 2015 report. BHP Billiton processes to further reduce carbon emissions are a continuous process with the company banking on its Fuel Quality Network which seeks to let people understand the benefits of improved quality fuel (BHP, 2015). On environmental degradation the company has put more emphasis and steps to avoid degradation and protect the environment in line with its charter values. Among other steps according to Altenburg, Crocket, and Pearson, (2016) are the companys resolved not to extract minerals within word heritage boundaries. The company has also resolved not to explore where there is imminent risk to the ecosystem. This has led to over 60,000 hectares of land being conserved BHP, 2015). Discuss Whether Genuine Improvement in Environmental Outcomes has Occurred in this Time frame. BHP Billiton has made tremendous steps and improvement with regard to its environmental protection policy from where it was five years ago. Guided by its strategic plan and Zero Harm policy, the company has been frequently measuring its performance against its set targets. Among the areas that the company set to improve were on environmental degradation, water, waste management, people safety and global warming (BHP, 2008). In the 2008 sustainability report, the company had set a five year target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 6 per cent per unit of product. By 2015, the company had managed to achieve greenhouse gas emissions lower than the 2008 baselines and six percent lower than the previous year (BHP, 2015). BHP Billiton has been a significant player in the campaign for clean energy. Through partnership with various stakeholders, the company has used its experience and technical capacity to assist in the development of in equitable and effective climate change policies. Within the same period, the company also made significant progress in its quest to improve on the safety of its people. This is seen from the development of a company safety intervention strategy that seeks to further reduce case of fatalities and injuries (BHP, 2015). In the 2008 sustainability report, the company had a target to increase the use of recycle water while reducing on the use of high quality water. With an aggregated target of 10 per cent of recycled water to high quality water by 2012, the company had managed to achieve 85 per cent use of water from lower quality sources (Walker, 2015). These statistics are a clear indication that the company met its target with regard to environmental protection. Ok Tedi Mine Environmental Analysis The impact of the Ok Tedi copper mine on the environment cannot be well documented although many reports according to Hettler and Lehmann, (1997) seem to indicate that the negative impact outweighs the benefits. Hettler and Lehman, (1997) point out that the Ok Tedi mine caused devastating environmental harm along Fly River and Ok Tedi River between 1984 and 2003. Kirsch, (1996) considers the Ok Tedi mine disaster to be the worst environmental harm that has disrupted the lives of about 50,0000 people as a result of discharge of untreated waste from the mine. Many locals according to Kirsch, (1996) believe the environmental hazards caused by the mine has so far outweighed the benefits received from the mine In 1999, a statement by BHP indicated that the company annually discharged 90 million tons of waste into the nearby stream, consequentially endangering fisheries, and agriculture ( Kirsch, 2007). These reports are supported by scientific research which have shown that the sediments and discharge from the mine have completely change the surrounding, leading to severe loss of aquatic life (Smith and Hortle, 1991). According to this study, mineral and non-mineral wastes were deposited over a stretch of 39 square miles. Reports according to study, estimate an area of 1,200 square miles to have been affected by the mine. Townsend, (2016) observes that it is often difficult to balance between economic and social gains associated with mining. For a country grappling with economic pressure in the 90s, the mine was a much reprieve to the government contributing 19 per cent and 11 per cent of total exports and GPD respectively. Word Bank paper No. 384, according to Marychurch and Stoianoff, (2006) provides that one of the success factors in the mining sector is for the government and private sector to support social and community projects. Both acknowledge that the Ok Tedi mine provided several social and community projects such as education, training programs, health, and infrastructure development. As a result of the Ok Tedi community funding, significant progress was made in health sector where infant mortality rates dropped Gilberthorpe Banks, 2012). Records according to Garrett, (2014) indicate that the Ok Tedi mine directly employed about 1900 people with majority from the Western Province and a further indirect employed approximated to be four times more. Several business around the area depended on Ok Tedi as a source of market for their products and services. Garrett, (2014) notes that the mining company is largely credited for the shift of the local economy from subsistence to cash based While the local community and the government benefited from the Ok Tedi mine, majority feel the mine has had many hazardous effects. This view is supported by several studies and reports which has documented the devastating effects of the mine. The sediments and waste discharged from the mine spanning over 10 years changed the local ecosystem thus affecting aquatic life (OBrien, 2015). It is with these reasons and others that many feel the Ok Tedi is a project which should have never been. Reference Lists Altenburg, K., Crocket, G. and Pearson, M., 2016. Broken hill, the national heritage list, and the management of heritage values.Historic Environment,28(1), p.98. Armstrong, R., Baillie, C. and Cumming-Potvin, W., 2014. Mining and Communities: Understanding the Context of Engineering Practice. Synthesis Lectures on Engineers, Technology, and Society, 8(1), pp.1-148 Brueckner, M., Durey, A., Mayes, R. and Pforr, C., 2013. The mining boom and Western Australias changing landscape: Towards sustainability or business as usual?. Rural Society, 22(2), pp.111-124. BHP (2008)Taking the long view Sustainability Report 2015. Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2015/bhpbillitonsustainabilityreport2015_interactive.pdf (Accessed: 30 September 2016). Blazey, P. and Perkiss, S., 2016. The empowerment of Papua New Huinea's tribespeople: Overcoming the challenges of foreign investment projects. Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, The, 22(2), p.206. Garrett, J. (2014)Assets of Ok Tedi mine come under community control. Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-02-10/an-png-ok-tedi-assets-handover/5250694 (Accessed: 30 September 2016). Gilberthorpe, E. and Banks, G., 2012. Development on whose terms?: CSR discourse and social realities in Papua New Guinea's extractive industries sector.Resources Policy,37(2), pp.185-193. Mudd, G.M., Weng, Z. and Jowitt, S.M., 2013. A detailed assessment of global Cu resource trends and endowments. Economic Geology, 108(5), pp.1163-1183. Kirsch, S., 2012. Juridification of Indigenous Politics. Law Against the State: Ethnographic Forays Into Law's Transformations, p.23. Manz, C.T. and Tutesigensi, A., 2014. Energy in Germany: A critical review of current issues and analysis of future potential. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 3(4), pp.2640-2651. Luning, S., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for exploration: Consultants, companies and communities in processes of engagements. Resources policy, 37(2), pp.205-211. Lodhia, S. and Martin, N., 2014. Corporate sustainability indicators: an Australian mining case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, pp.107-115. Prno, J. and Slocombe, D.S., 2012. Exploring the origins of social license to operatein the mining sector: Perspectives from governance and sustainability theories. Resources Policy, 37(3), pp.346-357. Schoenberger, E., 2016. Environmentally sustainable mining: The case of tailings storage facilities. Resources Policy, 49, pp.119-128. Sarker, T.K., 2013. Voluntary codes of conduct and their implementation in the Australian mining and petroleum industries: is there a business case for CSR?. Asian Journal of Business Ethics, 2(2), pp.205-224. Soysa, I., 2014. Global environmental and sustainability reporting frameworks for mining projects in developed and developing countries. Australian Resources and Energy Law Journal, 33(2), p.205.

The foreign policy of the United States

Introduction The post-Second World War United States of America had a different face from the one that existed during the First World War. The United States’ foreign policy moved from isolationism to interventionism after World War II. Therefore, this paper examines the changes in America’s foreign policy after the World War II. It also examines Kennan’s long Telegram and how the United States may implement the suggestions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The foreign policy of the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How United States’ foreign policy changed after World War II Before the Second World War, the United States of America practiced the policy of isolationism (Chandler Write, 2001); isolationism can be defined as the state policy of shunning economic or political conflicts with other nations of the world. Isolationism was the basis on which the United Statesâ€⠄¢ foreign policy was formulated before World War II. This was because the United States did not want to get involved in any form of war in case there would be an outbreak of another widespread conflict. Besides, it never wanted to be involved in any war and would do everything to thwart it while trying to remain neutral. Many individuals in the Congress and other influential personalities supported the isolationist approach to foreign policy. They established the Neutrality Act to penalize the other nations that were at war with one another (Dornbush, 2009). The experience of the United States during the Second World War completely changed the government’s attitude toward isolationism policy approach. It realized that for it to be safe from potential aggression, it needed to have strong allies. This prompted the United States to start lending its support to the Great Britain. In fact, the United States’ isolationism policy was put to test when Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor. This prompted the government to revise its stand on isolationism approach to foreign policy and hence embraced interventionism one. The United States realized that it was not safe from war and therefore needed to build alliances with potential allies. The United States’ shift in foreign policy approach was immediately witnessed when the government readily agreed to host the headquarters of the United Nations within its territories after its formation. The United Nations was formed to champion the interests of all member states. Besides, the United States also joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. After the Second World War the United States realized that it could not remain safe by keeping to pursuing only its interests, but by collaborating with other allies to defend their common interests (Chandler Write, 2001). The realist approach by President Nixon in late 1960s and President Carter’s idealist approach of late 1970s President Nixon’s rea list approach had the assumption that a nation state was actually the principle actor in the politics of the world. Furthermore, realist approach assumed that power was the definite driving force in politics.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The approach posited that the quality of a relationship between one state and another was the principle factor that shaped or modeled how a given state should respond to any of the other states. According to the realist approach, issues that were social and economic in nature were also equally crucial as those of the military (McCrmick, 2009). President Carter deviated from the President Nixon’s realist approach. Contrary to President Nixon’s realist policy approach, President Carter’s idealist approach placed more emphases on domestic affairs with reference to foreign policy. His key policy areas included the enhancement of r elations with key American allies and placing less emphasis on the then Soviet Union as the main focus for the policy of the United States of America and the support of the global human rights (Soper, 2007). While Nixon’s realist approach mainly focused on American interests outside the territory Carter’s idealist approach principally focused on the significance of domestic values. President Carter believed that the United States could be strong internationally only when it was strong back at home. Therefore, contrasting the two policy approaches, realist approach gave the suggestion that the nature of human or the structure established in reference to the international system influenced the behavior of the state whereas the idealist approach was grounded on the belief that governments of states obtained their legitimacy from the people being governed (Copson, 2007). Kennan’s objective in his long Telegram and how the United States may carry out the policy he su ggests In his long Telegram, George Kennan focused on three areas; he focused on the primary motivating factors in the foreign policy of Soviet and also the ideological and historical background of international relations as perceived by the Soviet during the postwar period. He also focused on the attainment of the Soviet foreign policy and the broad repercussion it would have for the United States of America. In his Telegram, Kennan argued that the policy of Soviet principally targeted giving strength to the relative USSR’s policy within the international environment (Miscamble, 1993).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The foreign policy of the United States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Kennan, in his long Telegram, argued that rulers of Soviet vowed to achieve their goals and objectives by leaving nothing to chance. This included destroying perceived enemies. He further stated that Soviet rulers were ready to use both direct and indirect means to infiltrate the economic, moral and or political structures of the western states by taking advantage of the perceived contradictions that existed within the structure of capitalism. They believed that with the stability of the United States, Soviet could not be secure. Therefore, the Soviet rulers emphasized that the American social, political and economic structure had to be dismantled to ensure such security (Kim, 2010). In this case, the United States should enforce Kennan’s recommendation that it should stop the Soviet expansion. He suggested that the United States should not use force or any form of military actions to stop the Soviet from influencing it negatively. The United States should increase its diplomatic relations with the Soviet rulers and solve the underlying problems amicably. Besides, the United States should have a policy specifically dedicated to dealing with Soviet as an entity. This should be geared toward increasing diplomatic relations. Conclusion The foreign policy of the United States changed from isolationism to interventionism after the World War II. Besides, the United States needed to come up with specific policies on Soviet so as to thwart its efforts to frustrate the United States; this was one of the suggestions in Kennan’s long Telegram (Kim, 2010). References Chandler, C. Write, J. (2001). Modern world history for Edexcel specification A.: Core. New York: Heinemann. Copson, R. (2007). The United States in Africa: Bush policy and beyond. London: Zed Books.Advertising Looking for essay on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dornbush, K. (2009). Kaplan AP U.S. History. New York: Kaplan Publishing. Kim, J. (2010). Ends of empire: Asian American critique and the Cold War. Minnesota: U of Minnesota Press. McCrmick, J. (2009). American Foreign Policy and Process. New York: Cengage Learning. Miscamble, W. (1993). George F. Kennan and the Making of American Foreign Policy, 1947-1950. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Soper, P. (2007). The politics of American light armor development from post-Vietnam to post-cold war. New York: ProQuest. This essay on The foreign policy of the United States was written and submitted by user Amanda Sefton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

I Spent a Long Time on This Isb Essay Sample

I Spent a Long Time on This Isb Essay SampleI was looking around and found some interesting Isb essay samples, which had to be my next topic. I love a challenge and my goal was to make sure that I would have something that I could pass out in class to the other students. I used this question in my essay as a way to get the point across that the other students can benefit from it too.The problem with the first question is that it's hard to write a proper essay on it. I also found that it had a little bit of a negative connotation to it, that I wanted to change.The second question is about writing about another thing in my life. It was a little bit personal, so I didn't want to write it in a long essay. I wrote it in such a way that I can relate my story to a younger friend who I am dating right now. Here's what I wrote about her in my Isb essay sample.'I remember when I started my student's life, I never knew what to expect. One day, while walking down the hall, I saw the student's li fe. It was kind of scary, knowing how she handled herself, but it also made me admire her for all the things she has accomplished, and all the ways she made my life easy.'I believe this is a great Isb essay sample because it actually makes you remember something about your life from another person. You are able to see both the good and the bad about someone's life.After you complete an essay like this, it will give you confidence. You will be able to speak confidently on different subjects. It also shows you how much you have learned from your students.If you like to practice on your own time or even without a deadline, use the Isb essay samples as your guide. The examples are so detailed that you can easily relate them to other events. You can use these with others in your group or private tutoring sessions.

Why did the Weimar Republic fail Essay Example

Why did the Weimar Republic fail Essay Example Why did the Weimar Republic fail Paper Why did the Weimar Republic fail Paper Essay Topic: The Republic It is often difficult to analyse the Weimar Republic and decide whether it was doomed from the start due to constitutional defects, or if prevailing circumstances initiated its collapse. This has been a source of argument for many historians, as they all have different ideas as to why the Republic did not survive. Edgar Feuchtwanger fiercely argues that economic problems were the main reason for the Republic not succeeding, because people could no longer be supportive of the constitution in times of hardship and desperation. As massive unemployment and spiralling inflation spread through battered Germany, another solution was sought, and people found salvation in Hitler. However, Dick Geary argues, The Weimar Republic was not overthrown by Nazism, it had already failed. The main reasons why the Republic failed were problems with the constitution and the way the political system worked; lack of support for Weimar; problems the Republic faced between 1920 1928 and the Wall Street Crash in 1929, which caused severe world depression. However, it needs to be decided if Weimar was inevitably going to fail due to the way the constitution worked, or if its never ending uphill struggle from 1919 caused its disintegration. By 1918, it was certain that Germany would be defeated after four years of intensive battle with Britain and France. Due to the possibility of allied invasion and internal problems, the Kaiser, who had been Germanys dictator, set up a constitutional monarchy, which was to be the most democratic system in the world. It was thought that a new democratic system would stop the allies treating Germany harshly, and pave the way for a fairer peace settlement. The Weimar constitution was a very modern one, perhaps even more so than its contemporary counterparts in Britain and France. It is also very similar to modern day systems, not least to the current system of Democracy in Germany. Therefore, it might be argued that the Weimar Republic did not fail due to constitutional problems, as Germany is certainly not failing now. The constitution was well thought out and there were many good points. It was a democracy and the general public were allowed to vote for who they wanted in the Reichstag. Proportional representation was used, which meant there was a mixture of people with different ideas representing the whole of Germany. The President could not make decisions without consulting and gaining approval from the Chancellor first, which was the constitutions way of controlling Presidential powers. However, as Professor Geary argues, Article 48 gave a substitute for the emperor because the President could restore law and order in times of emergencies without consulting the Reichstag. Although proportional representation appeared to be very democratic, it provided weak coalitions who did not agree on everything. Therefore when Germany needed to act quickly in times of crisis, decisions could not be made effectively, for each party had their own ideas on how the country should be run. Proportional representation also allowed extremist parties such as the KPD and NSDAP to gain seats in the Reichstag, which later led to the overthrowing of the Weimar Republic by the Nazis. The initial setting up of the constitution later allowed Hitler to come to power, which destroyed the Republic and, in a way the Weimar Republic was doomed from the very beginning due to the way in which it ran. Nonetheless, it is hard to say that Hitler would have had the chance to abuse the system if other problems in Germany had not existed. From the Republics preliminary introduction, it was faced with problems occurring from the aftermath of the First World War, which was to scar Germany for years to come. Germanys buildings and large cities had been ruined and German morale was very low. The Army, who believed Germany was still strong and had a chance of winning the War, were horrified to learn that their beloved country had surrendered and signed a humiliating Treaty, which blamed Germany for the war. The November Criminalsi who signed the Treaty of Versailles went on to run the country, and the Stab in the Back Myth i left the public with a sense of betrayal and a bitter resentment towards the Republic itself. Before the War, Germany had been a great and powerful country with colonies, lots of land, a strong Army and a challenging Navy. Now, the Treaty had reduced Germany to a wreck, with massive reparations to pay, less land, no colonies, and German people stripped of their pride. There was little hope for a new constitution run by people who had caused all this misery and resentment. As well as ordinary people hating Weimar, political parties from both the left and the right were against the constitution. The spartakists (an extreme left wing party) looked to the Soviet Union, liked the Russian political system and wanted a communist Germany. In January 1919, they started an uprising, but were crushed by the Freikorps, who also didnt support the Republic. However, the Freikorps were anti-socialist, and would have supported the Republic before they supported the Bolsheviks. The Right were next to revolt, and in 1920 the Kapp Putch revolt occurred. Monarchists seized government buildings in Berlin, but surrendered on March 17th. The Weimar government had had another close escape. The early major activities of Hitler included his Beer Hall Putch in 1923, where he tried to seize control of The Bavarian government. Hitlers revolt was crushed like the others, but clear opposition to the republic had been established. The Weimar Republic lacked support from people commencing the day it was set up, and so seemed doomed from the start. The situation in which it was built, and the circumstances surrounding the new constitution did not present the opportunity for it to subsist and flourish, despite other problems Germany may have faced later on. However, the Republic did manage to crush most of these uprisings and didnt fall to pieces. This shows some strength in the constitutional monarchy, so it possibly did stand a chance of survival. The political instability was intensified by the financial implications of the Treaty of Versailles. By 1921, the level of reparations had been fixed to 132,000,000 gold marks. It was clearly evident that the weakened Germany would not be able to pay. Not only did Germany have to pay the reparations, they also had massive war debts and needed to rebuild their damaged country. Nonetheless, a reparations program of payment was imposed on the Germans. When they were not able to pay, the French occupied the Ruhr in January 1923, which led to the total collapse of the Germany currency. The Republic had mainly survived the 1920s because of economic stability. However, by November 1923 Germanys economy was caught in a spiral of hyperinflation, and money was becoming more and more worthless by the day. The middle classes had their savings devalued considerably and pension funds were wiped out. They decided to blame the Weimar Republic because the people who had set it up had agreed to pay the reparations. Before this economic crisis, there were many people who did not really agree or disagree with the principles of the Republic. However, the time had come where people had no one to blame but the government, the majority of the country were angry, and it could be considered that with universal criticism, and perhaps some hatred, the new Republic was predestined to fail. Profiteering, crime and prostitution also increased markedly at that time. Such behavioural trends contributed significantly to the lack of faith in the Republican system. The evidence given so far suggests that the Republic did not stand a chance, despite everything that happened later. The general population had no faith, and without such support, a constitution going through times of much hardship stood no chance at all. However, it would not be fair to dismiss the Republic as a total failure, as from the years 1924 to 1929, there was relative stability in Germany. In 1923 Stresemann was appointed as Chancellor. His foreign policy was shaped by the domestic and international situation, and his main aims were the liberation of Germany and its restoration as a great power. He accepted that Germany had been militarily defeated and not simply stabbed in the back. He realised that France had legitimate security interests and played on Germanys vital importance to World Trade. He realised the sympathy of the USA was important to attract American capital, and as Chancellor, he called off passive resistance and agreed to carry on paying the reparations. This led to the Dawes Plan in 1924, which aided economic recovery and the French promised to evacuate the Ruhr in 1925. The years 1924 to 1929 have traditionally been regarded as the high point of the Weimar Republic a glorious short-lived interlude between the early years of the crisis and its eventual decline and collapse during the depression. An American Journalist in 1924 commented on the wonderful feeling of living in Germany and that things seemed to be much more free and modern. Kolb also described the years as ones of relative stabilisation. It is often agreed that the introduction of the Rentenmark, which stabilised the German currency and the Dawes Plan is a massive contrast to the inflationary chaos of 1922-1923. Had Germany picked herself up? Maybe the Weimar Republic had started to become stable and had a chance of survival. It certainly seemed like Germany had made a remarkable recovery. Heavy Industry, regardless of the loss of resources from the Treaty of Versailles, was able to recover reasonably quickly. By 1928, production levels were generally better than they had been before the War! This was due to more efficient production techniques, particularly in the coal and steel industry. Foreign investors were also attracted to Germany because they knew she was being supervised financially by the allies and had relatively high interest rates. The years 1924-29 held a great amount of hope for Germany. They had an effective Chancellor who was helping Germany to recover. There were many social benefits, and for the first time since the end of the War, people seemed to be living normally again. National border anxieties were settled in 1925, when the Locarno treaties were signed in London. A greater feeling of security began to embrace Germany for the first time in over ten years. By 1926, Germany had joined The League of Nations, and had a voice at an international level, and by 1929 even the withdrawal of the allies from the Rhineland seemed a possibility. Germany was beginning to get back on its feet after a hard war, and relations with the allies and the people were improving. The extremist Nazis had only 12 seats in 1928, and had little or no voice in national government. The socialists were in control with 153 seats and had a steady recovery in progress with no radical changes planned. The government its self had progressed from an imperial autocracy into a democratic Republic. If everything was going so well for Germany, then why did it fail? The Weimar Republic, although a little ambiguous in the first instance, seemed to be doing well. It had its faults, but these seemed to have been overcome in the years 1924-29. Therefore the Republic was perhaps not a lost cause from the start. It had a shaky beginning, but it wasnt definitely going to fail as Germany did eventually recover under the Weimar Republic. If the Wall Street Stock Market had not crashed in October 1929, the Weimar Republic may have survived for many more years than it did, and may even have existed today. In October 1929, all German optimism was dashed by world depression and the Wall Street Stock Market crash. The crisis was felt throughout the world but hit Germany most harshly. Loans and investments dried up and the USA demanded repayment of these loans. This caused unemployment to reach 2 million, a decline in the prices of food, a collapse in trade and a subside in demand. Bri ning became Chancellor in 1929, and his response to the economic crises was to increase taxes and make substantial cuts in government expenditure. His Budget had been rejected by the Reichstag, but because of the way the constitution had been set up, he was able to put the unpopular proposals into effect, by means of the emergency decree in Article 48. Arthur Rosenberg described the formation of Bri ningi s government as the beginning of the end of German democracyi. All classes of people suffered psychologically and lost pride in their country. In such a situation, it is not surprising that people lost faith in the Weimar Republic and saw salvation in the solutions offered by political extremism. People began to turn to Hitler, who preached employment and greatness; this is reflected by the Nazis gaining 107 seats in the 1930 election. The depression created the very situation that Hitler had been waiting for. The Nazis stirred up opposition to the government and Republic, by linking the government to Versailles, and linking Versailles to all of Germanys problems. Hitler had a very wide appeal because he was offering solutions to all of Germanys problems. He promised employment and a powerful Germany. People had been through a lot and thought Hitler seemed like he had a lot to offer. However, it is unlikely that he caused the Republic to fail, as the historian Bessell argues Hitler was a consequence of the failure of the Republic not a cause. He may have been there at the time when things were going wrong, but he alone could not have caused the Republics collapse without the other factors. There are many factors which contributed to the malfunction of the Weimar Republic. It could be argued that if certain things, such as worldwide depression had not occurred, the Republic would have survived, considering the relative stability beforehand. From the very beginning, the Republic faced opposition from both sides of the political spectrum. The public blamed their problems on the Treaty of Versailles, and in turn, blamed the government that signed it. The new government had inherited a difficult situation and it was inevitable that it would face technical hitches from the start. Nevertheless, to say the Republic was doomed from the beginning is hasty. The Republic was beginning to overcome its difficulties during the mid 1920s as economic, political, and cultural improvements were occurring. If it hadnt been for events like the Wall Street Crash, the Republic may have prospered for many years. In agreement with Professor Geary, The depression and crisis led to the rise in the Nazi vote, which led to the collapse of the Republic. The Republic had many faults within its constitutional set-up, which caused problems along the way, and lacked support, but these things had been overcome to a certain extent so the Republic had an opportunity. If it had not been for the additional prevailing circumstances, the Republic may have survived.